内蒙古“一湖两海”水域动态监测体系:框架、指标与专题可视化     

姚姝娟  张弛  宝力杰  刘殿锋 《测绘地理信息》2022,(1)

水资源动态监测是自然资源监测评价的核心内容。自然资源治理从单一要素治理向综合要素治理转型,水资源监测需要从系统化视角切入。基于此,以中国内蒙古自治区“一湖两海”水域为案例区,基于驱动-压力-状态-响应(driving-pressure-status-response,DPSR)模型构建了一种综合水域动态监测体系,形成了水域动态监测框架与指标体系,同时结合专题地图可视化技术对案例区水量、水温、水质和生物多样性的变化趋势进行动态分析和专题图表达,为“一湖两海”水域保护与治理工作提供决策支持。  相似文献   

气候变化影响下北海公园冰上运动季的特征与情景模拟     

刘浩龙  周宇  刘俊  戴君虎  葛全胜  齐晓波 《地理学报》2022,77(1):35-50

北海公园冰上运动是北京传统体育文化遗产的重要组成内容以及冬季休闲旅游的代表性符号,强化其气候变化影响与适应研究,对于应对全球变化的挑战、践行“大力发展冰雪经济”的指示具有重要意义。本文从多源文献中提取分析了其冰场多年启闭日期（间接指示冰层厚15 cm）的变化特征,并结合气温器测数据以及4种气候情景数据（SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5、SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5）,利用留一交叉验证法探讨了不同温度指标和拟合方程的预测效果差异,进而对未来冰上运动季的变化、潜在影响与适应对策进行分析。结果表明：① 1989—2018年冰上运动季始日、末日和持续长度的均值分别为1月1日、2月5日和36 d,对应的趋势表现为不显著的推迟（1.00 d/10a）、提前（-0.77 d/10a）和延长（1.11 d/10a）,时序变化可区分为1989—2000年、2001—2013年和2014—2018年3个阶段。② 冰上运动季始、末日分别对其日期前59 d的日最低温和前94 d的日最高温有较好响应,利用这两个指标和玻尔兹曼函数可更好预测冰上运动季变化。③ 2021—2099年冰上运动季始日、末日和持续长度的均值分别较1989—2018年晚1 d、早1 d和缩短2 d,3个指标变幅一致缩小,对应的0.14 d/10a、-0.21 d/10a和-0.34 d/10a的趋势均达到0.01的显著性水平。④ 未来79 a内冬季两大节庆中元旦冰上运动的适宜性要大于春节,其中春节的适宜性在4种气候情景下相差不大,而元旦的适宜性则在4种情景下有一定差别。⑤ 在相关预估结果上,BCC-CSM2-MR、CanESM-5和UKESM这3种区域气候模式并没有太大差异,而热岛效应影响尚待深入研究。⑥ 为了在气候变暖背景下促进体旅融合消费、保障冰上运动产业高质量发展,运营企业应采取强化游客安全保障、扩展旅游产品谱系、购买冰量保险等全方位主动适应措施,研究者应加强研究气候变化影响的复杂性、改进旅游流的预测效果,而管理部门应大力推动产业风险管理报告的编制,充分重视气候变化风险的动态评估。  相似文献   

洪湖水位对不同时间尺度SPEI/SPI干旱指数的响应研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘敏  秦鹏程  刘可群  夏智宏  王苗 《气象》2013,39(9):1163-1170

流域洪涝与干旱对流域水资源利用及生态平衡具有重要影响。探讨流域水文要素与气候因子的关系,是应用气候指数进行流域旱涝监测和影响评估的重要前提。基于四湖流域8个气象站及洪湖湖区水位代表站逐月观测资料,从月、季及连续时间序列月平均标准化水位距平与不同时间尺度SPEI/SPI干旱指数的相关分析,研究洪湖水位对不同时间尺度SPEI/SPI指数的响应。结果表明：四湖流域洪涝与干旱主要受降水控制,洪湖水位与SPEI/SPI干旱指数具有较好的相关性,但其相关程度因不同月份和季节及干旱指数的时间尺度存在一定差异,总体上洪湖水位与4~6个月时间尺度SPEI/SPI干旱指数相关性最为密切,表明洪湖水位对降水及蒸散发导致的水分盈亏的响应具有时滞效应和累积效应,当前月洪湖水位受当月及前3~5个月水分盈亏的共同影响。基于5个月时间尺度的SPEI/SPI干旱指数监测历史时期洪湖水位变化具有很好的一致性。研究结果为基于常规气象观测资料进行四湖流域旱涝监测提供了理论依据,同时可为其他流域旱涝监测与评估提供借鉴。  相似文献   

艾比湖面积变化及影响因素          下载免费PDF全文

高明 《盐湖研究》2011,19(2):16-19,38

艾比湖是新疆典型的平原区湖泊,随着近50年来流域气候和人类扰动双重影响,艾比湖湖面相应呈现出动态变化的态势。针对艾比湖水面面积近50年变化过程,利用入湖径流及有关水文、气象资料,分析、阐述艾比湖水面面`积近50年变化及影响因素。  相似文献   

The failure mechanism of a Late Glacial Sturzstrom in the Subalpine Molasse (Leckner Valley, Vorarlberg, Austria)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A.C. Seijmonsbergen  M.P. Woning  P.N.W. Verhoef  L.W.S. de Graaff 《Geomorphology》2005,66(1-4):277

A number of prehistoric landslides and rock avalanches occurred in the folded and faulted section of the Molasse Zone in Vorarlberg, Austria. Some developed into a Sturzstrom, defined as a ‘rapidly moving fluidised mass movement of large volumes of rock, derived from the disintegration of a falling rock mass, that spread under the influence of gravity’. Their impact on the landscape usually is related to obstruction of rivers and valleys.In this paper, we analyse the geomorphology and the failure mechanism of a relative small ‘Sturzstrom’. The failure mechanism can be described as a ‘buckling failure’. The morphological situation indicates that failure took place after local deglaciation by the end of the Upper Würm. The period of failure coincides with glacial and ice-marginal remnants, which developed between 15.000 and 14.600 BP. The lithological sequence and rock structure, as well as the impact of the processes related to the former glacial environment, were major causal conditions. The rock sequence consists of conglomerates, sandstone layers, and marls. Next to glacial scouring, which increased the inclination of the valley slopes, the effect of late-glacial unloading and postglacial processes, such as weathering and fluvial erosion, subsequently weakened the mass rock fabric until failure occurred.Discontinuity orientation measurements, geostructural and geomechanical conditions, and the former hydrological and geomorphological conditions support bucklings failure. In fact, three-hinge buckling may have occurred. The frontal section of the Sturzstrom consists mainly of large conglomerate blocks, averaging 1.5 m³ in volume, although megablocks, reaching of up to 4000 m³, are present as well. The volume of the entire Sturzstrom equals approximately 10×10⁷ m³. Present activity is only restricted to minor rock falls derived from the conglomerates and mudflows originating from the marl layers.  相似文献   

东濮凹陷盐湖准层序发育特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈发亮  陈业全  魏生祥  杨小波  杜劲松 《盐湖研究》2004,12(4):18-23

层序地层学理论是在研究海相地层的基础上发展起来的,它注重的是地层的沉积成因和周期性的旋回变化。准层序是层序的基本组成单元,代表一个水体向上变浅的沉积过程,在开展层序地层学研究工作时加强对准层序的分析非常重要。通过应用岩心、测井等资料开展高分辨层序地层学研究发现,陆相地层中准层序的发育特征与海相明显不同,表现为以向上变细的正韵律为主。通过深入分析影响陆相地层层序发育的主要控制因素,指出构造是决定湖盆有无的先决条件,气候和沉积物供给是层序发育的决定性因素。研究成果进一步丰富了陆相层序地层学理论,使得层序边界的划分和识别更趋合理和可操作性,使等时性地层对比和岩性对比趋于统一,从而也可以更好地开展沉积相和沉积微相描述。通过实际应用,进一步明确了东濮凹陷深水成盐观点,指出砂岩与盐岩属于夹在稳定泥页岩中的同时异相的沉积体,这种认识为东濮凹陷深层低渗透储层地震预测提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

盐湖卤水体系的热力学模型及其应用Ⅲ：在Li^＋，Na^＋，K^＋，Mg^2＋／Cl^-，SO4^2- -H2O体系加工工艺方面的应用          下载免费PDF全文

宋彭生  姚燕 《盐湖研究》2004,12(3):1-11

在第 1报告和第 2报告中介绍了获得全部Pitzer参数的“盐湖卤水体系”Li+ ,Na+ ,K+ ,Mg2 + Cl-,SO2 -4-H2 O( 2 98 1 5K)在溶液物理化学方面和相平衡预测方面的应用后 ,在这一报告中简要报道模型在卤水加工工艺方面的应用。主要包括卤水在 2 5℃等温蒸发中析盐顺序的理论预测 ;蒸发量与析盐量、成卤量间关系的计算 ;含锂复盐加工问题等  相似文献   

Assessment of a Mediterranean shallow lentic ecosystem (Lake Pamvotis, Greece) using benthic community diversity: Response to environmental parameters     

Ifigenia Kagalou  Georgios Economidis  Ioannis Leonardos  Constantinos Papaloukas 《Limnologica》2006,36(4):269-278

Macroinvertebrates play a key role in freshwater lentic and lotic ecosystems. The macroinvertebrate benthic community of a shallow Mediterranean lake (Lake Pamvotis, NW Greece) was studied. The benthic assemblage was sampled monthly at five sites during a period of 1 year (Apr. 1998–Mar. 1999). In addition hypolimnetic water quality variables were monitored over the same period at each site.

The aim of the study was (a) to describe the intra-annual and spatial variability in benthic communities, (b) to relate possible community changes to environmental conditions and (c) to evaluate the responses of the lake's ecological status on community indices.

The benthic fauna of Lake Pamvotis was found to be very limited with a total of 10 species belonging to five taxonomic groups. The oligochaete community comprised 80% of the total benthic fauna with Potamothrix bavaricus as a new record for the Lake Pamvotis and Potamothrix hammoniensis, being the dominant benthic species represented more than 61% of the total benthic fauna. Chironomus plumosus was the most abundant chironomid species contributing with about 6% of the total benthic fauna, and Chaoborus flavicans with 19% was the important dipteran. Almost all benthic species showed the same intra-annual seasonal pattern, with peak population densities during spring and early summer except P. hammoniensis which predominated during the whole sampling period. Dissolved oxygen and temperature seemed to be the main environmental factors affecting community indices.

Benthic communities are affected by human disturbances in Lake Pamvotis shifting their composition to more tolerant taxa, reflecting also the eutrophic to hypertophic character of the lake.  相似文献   

新型复合生物质锂吸附剂的制备及吸附性能研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘海宁  丁冬  李可昕  罗清龙  叶秀深 《盐湖研究》2023,31(1):77-86

以KMnO₄、苯胺、LiOH和生物质碳气凝胶(BCA)为原料,通过水热沉积法得到了锰酸锂(LMO)负载的生物质碳气凝胶(BCA@LMO),并用HCl酸洗后得到了BCA@HMO复合锂吸附剂。利用IR、XRD、XPS、SEM、EDS、Mapping、BET等手段对其结构进行了表征。考察了pH值、离子强度、初始浓度、温度和吸附时间对锂吸附的影响。结果表明,复合吸附剂为介孔结构,其孔道内和表面具有丰富的锰酸锂颗粒,Li⁺的最大平衡吸附量在pH=12时为4.07 mmol·g-1,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温线和准二阶动力学模型,升高温度和碱性环境利于Li⁺的吸附。吸附机理为H⁺与Li⁺的离子交换。复合吸附剂较好地改善了锰系锂吸附剂固液分离困难的问题,该吸附剂在实际南翼山盐田和东台吉乃尔盐田卤水(2.92 mmol·g-1)中具有良好的吸附性能。因此,该吸附剂在卤水锂的分离中具有良好的应用价值和潜力。  相似文献   

Contribution to the detection of Lake Masoko (Tanzania) groundwater outflow: isotopic evidence (18O,D) / Contribution à la détection des pertes souterraines du Lac Masoko (Tanzanie): évidences isotopiques (18O,D)     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5)

Abstract

The isotopic compositions (¹⁸O and D) of groundwater, springs, rivers and lake waters are used to account for the hydrological processes in the area of the closed maar Lake Masoko in Tanzania. Springs and groundwater from the northern, western and southern parts of the lake basin display relatively stable compositions, close to those of the mean precipitation, evidencing their fast infiltration rate. Springs located in the eastern part of the basin have enriched compositions, which are on the mixing line between the ?"non evaporated? water and the evaporated lake water. This underlines the hydraulic continuity between the lake and the eastern springs and supports a previous proposition of grounwater outflow from Lake Masoko. The mixing parts of lake water calculated at each spring are constant through time, evidencing the inertia of the system. Furthermore, the mixing part of the lake water decreases linearly with the distance from the lake, suggesting an homogeneous and continuous aquifer. These observations point to a west to east groundwater flow, in agreement with the altitude of different potentials.  相似文献